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CNC Material Specifications & Properties | ||||
Material | Key Alloys | Density (g/cm³) | Corrosion Resistance | Typical Applications |
Aluminum | ADC12, A380, A360 | 2.6–2.8 | Moderate (needs coating) | Automotive parts, electronics, housings |
Magnesium | AZ91D, AM60B, AE44 | 1.7–1.8 | Low (requires coating) | Aerospace, lightweight frames, drones |
Zinc | Zamak 3, Zamak 5 | 6.6–6.7 | Good | Decorative hardware, locks, small gears |
Copper | C87850, C86500 | 8.8–8.9 | Excellent | Electrical connectors, marine components |
Surface Treatment | Process Description | Key Characteristics | Advantages | Limitations |
Anodizing | Electrochemical process forming an oxide layer on aluminum surfaces. | - Enhances corrosion resistance. - Improves wear resistance. - Allows for color dyeing. | Durable, aesthetic options, eco-friendly. | Limited to aluminum alloys. |
Powder Coating | Dry powder applied electrostatically, cured under heat. | - Thick, uniform coating. - Resistant to chipping, UV, and chemicals. - Wide color range. | High durability, no solvents/VOCs. | Requires high curing temperatures. |
Electroplating | Deposits metal (e.g., nickel, chrome) via electrolysis. | - Improves conductivity. - Adds decorative/metallic finish. - Enhances corrosion resistance. | Smooth finish, customizable. | Environmental concerns (toxic waste). |
Sandblasting | Propelling abrasive media (sand, grit) to roughen/smooth surfaces. | - Removes burrs/imperfections. - Creates matte texture. - Prepares surfaces for further coatings. | Cost-effective, improves adhesion for coatings. | May reduce dimensional accuracy on fine details. |
Electroless Nickel Plating | Autocatalytic chemical deposition of nickel-phosphorus alloy. | - Uniform coating even on complex shapes. - High hardness and corrosion resistance. | No electricity required, excellent wear resistance. | Higher cost compared to electroplating. |
Passivation | Chemical treatment (e.g., nitric acid) for stainless steel or aluminum. | - Removes free iron particles. - Enhances corrosion resistance via passive oxide layer. | Simple process, extends lifespan. | Limited to specific metals (e.g., stainless steel, aluminum). |
Polishing | Mechanical buffing to achieve a smooth, reflective surface. | - Improves aesthetics. - Reduces surface roughness. | Enhances visual appeal, low cost. | No functional protection (e.g., corrosion resistance). |
E-Coating | Electrophoretic deposition of paint onto submerged parts. | - Uniform coverage, even in recesses. - Corrosion-resistant primer layer. | Eco-friendly, excellent coverage. | Requires subsequent baking; limited to primers. |
Laser Etching | Laser removes material to create marks/textures. | - Permanent markings (logos, serial numbers). - High precision. | No consumables, customizable designs. | High initial equipment cost. |
Chromate Conversion | Chemical coating (chromium-based) for aluminum/zinc alloys. | - Provides corrosion resistance. - Improves paint adhesion. - Can add yellow/gold iridescence. | Low cost, lightweight. | Environmental/health risks (hexavalent chromium). |
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